In this section, you’ll learn about three of the higher-order functions that Python’s operator module makes available to you: itemgetter(), attrgetter(), and methodcaller(). You’ll learn how these allow you to work with Python collections in a range of useful ways that encourage a functional style of Python programming. Selecting Values From Multidimensional Collections With itemgetter() The first function that you’ll learn about is operator.itemgetter(). In its basic form, you pass it a single parameter that represents an index. Then itemgetter() […]

When it comes to file retrieval, Python offers a robust set of tools and packages that are useful in a variety of applications, from web scraping to automating scripts and analyzing retrieved data. Downloading files from a URL programmatically is a useful skill to learn for various programming and data projects and workflows. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to: Download files from the Web using the standard library as well as third-party libraries in Python Stream data to download […]

Every new Python version brings many changes, updates, fixes, and new features. Python 3.12 will be the next minor version and is now in the beta phase. In this version, the core team has been working intensely to formalize and improve the syntax and behavior of one of the most popular Python features: f-strings. F-strings, short for formatted strings, are string literals prefixed by either a lowercase or uppercase letter F. These strings provide a concise and clean syntax that […]

The list class is a fundamental built-in data type in Python. It has an impressive and useful set of features, allowing you to efficiently organize and manipulate heterogeneous data. Knowing how to use lists is a must-have skill for you as a Python developer. Lists have many use cases, so you’ll frequently reach for them in real-world coding. By working through this tutorial, you’ll dive deep into lists and get a solid understanding of their key features. This knowledge will […]

June 2023 welcomed a lot of new people and positions to the Python Software Foundation (PSF). Elections wrapped up for directors, and a new security developer in residence got to work. The organization is still looking to expand, though, and it announced a new deputy CPython developer in residence position that could go to a less seasoned programmer. Over at Pydantic, version 2 brings improved performance, while the sun went down on Python 3.7. It’s summer, so get ready for […]

When you’re executing Python code, the standard Python shell that comes with your Python installation is a natural tool to use. However, as you progress in your coding journey, you might find yourself seeking more powerful functionalities than the standard REPL offers. Luckily, IPython offers an enhanced version of interactive Python that can supercharge your capabilities. Using the IPython shell is a fast way of learning Python and executing code without the need for a full-fledged integrated development environment (IDE), […]