How to Clean Text for Machine Learning with Python

Last Updated on August 7, 2019 You cannot go straight from raw text to fitting a machine learning or deep learning model. You must clean your text first, which means splitting it into words and handling punctuation and case. In fact, there is a whole suite of text preparation methods that you may need to use, and the choice of methods really depends on your natural language processing task. In this tutorial, you will discover how you can clean and […]

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Implementation Patterns for the Encoder-Decoder RNN Architecture with Attention

Last Updated on August 14, 2019 The encoder-decoder architecture for recurrent neural networks is proving to be powerful on a host of sequence-to-sequence prediction problems in the field of natural language processing. Attention is a mechanism that addresses a limitation of the encoder-decoder architecture on long sequences, and that in general speeds up the learning and lifts the skill of the model on sequence-to-sequence prediction problems. In this post, you will discover patterns for implementing the encoder-decoder model with and […]

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How to Develop a Deep Learning Bag-of-Words Model for Sentiment Analysis (Text Classification)

Last Updated on September 3, 2020 Movie reviews can be classified as either favorable or not. The evaluation of movie review text is a classification problem often called sentiment analysis. A popular technique for developing sentiment analysis models is to use a bag-of-words model that transforms documents into vectors where each word in the document is assigned a score. In this tutorial, you will discover how you can develop a deep learning predictive model using the bag-of-words representation for movie […]

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Best Practices for Text Classification with Deep Learning

Last Updated on August 24, 2020 Text classification describes a general class of problems such as predicting the sentiment of tweets and movie reviews, as well as classifying email as spam or not. Deep learning methods are proving very good at text classification, achieving state-of-the-art results on a suite of standard academic benchmark problems. In this post, you will discover some best practices to consider when developing deep learning models for text classification. After reading this post, you will know: […]

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Difference Between Return Sequences and Return States for LSTMs in Keras

Last Updated on August 14, 2019 The Keras deep learning library provides an implementation of the Long Short-Term Memory, or LSTM, recurrent neural network. As part of this implementation, the Keras API provides access to both return sequences and return state. The use and difference between these data can be confusing when designing sophisticated recurrent neural network models, such as the encoder-decoder model. In this tutorial, you will discover the difference and result of return sequences and return states for […]

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How to Index, Slice and Reshape NumPy Arrays for Machine Learning

Last Updated on June 13, 2020 Machine learning data is represented as arrays. In Python, data is almost universally represented as NumPy arrays. If you are new to Python, you may be confused by some of the pythonic ways of accessing data, such as negative indexing and array slicing. In this tutorial, you will discover how to manipulate and access your data correctly in NumPy arrays. After completing this tutorial, you will know: How to convert your list data to […]

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How to Develop a Seq2Seq Model for Neural Machine Translation in Keras

Last Updated on August 7, 2019 The encoder-decoder model provides a pattern for using recurrent neural networks to address challenging sequence-to-sequence prediction problems, such as machine translation. Encoder-decoder models can be developed in the Keras Python deep learning library and an example of a neural machine translation system developed with this model has been described on the Keras blog, with sample code distributed with the Keras project. In this post, you will discover how to define an encoder-decoder sequence-to-sequence prediction […]

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How to Use the Keras Functional API for Deep Learning

Last Updated on May 28, 2020 The Keras Python library makes creating deep learning models fast and easy. The sequential API allows you to create models layer-by-layer for most problems. It is limited in that it does not allow you to create models that share layers or have multiple inputs or outputs. The functional API in Keras is an alternate way of creating models that offers a lot more flexibility, including creating more complex models. In this tutorial, you will […]

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Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Sentiment Analysis (Text Classification)

Last Updated on September 3, 2020 Develop a Deep Learning Model to Automatically Classify Movie Reviewsas Positive or Negative in Python with Keras, Step-by-Step. Word embeddings are a technique for representing text where different words with similar meaning have a similar real-valued vector representation. They are a key breakthrough that has led to great performance of neural network models on a suite of challenging natural language processing problems. In this tutorial, you will discover how to develop word embedding models […]

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Gentle Introduction to Global Attention for Encoder-Decoder Recurrent Neural Networks

Last Updated on August 14, 2019 The encoder-decoder model provides a pattern for using recurrent neural networks to address challenging sequence-to-sequence prediction problems such as machine translation. Attention is an extension to the encoder-decoder model that improves the performance of the approach on longer sequences. Global attention is a simplification of attention that may be easier to implement in declarative deep learning libraries like Keras and may achieve better results than the classic attention mechanism. In this post, you will […]

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