Creating dictionary-like classes may be a requirement in your Python career. Specifically, you may be interested in making custom dictionaries with modified behavior, new functionalities, or both. In Python, you can do this by inheriting from an abstract base class, by subclassing the built-in dict class directly, or by inheriting from UserDict. In this tutorial, you’ll learn how to: Create dictionary-like classes by inheriting from the built-in dict class Identify common pitfalls that can happen when inheriting from dict Build […]

Flashcards are a great tool when you want to memorize a new topic or learn a new language. You write a question on the front of the card and the answer on the back of the card. Then you can test your memory by going through the flashcards. The more often you show a card to yourself, the better your chances of memorizing its content. With Django, you can build your own flashcards app. By following this tutorial, you’ll build […]

You’ve now seen examples of all the basic use cases for NumPy’s max() and maximum(), plus a few related functions. Now you’ll investigate some of the more obscure optional parameters to these functions and find out when they can be useful. Reusing Memory When you call a function in Python, a value or object is returned. You can use that result immediately by printing it or writing it to disk, or by feeding it directly into another function as an […]

TOML—Tom’s Obvious Minimal Language—is a reasonably new configuration file format that the Python community has embraced over the last couple of years. TOML plays an essential part in the Python ecosystem. Many of your favorite tools rely on TOML for configuration, and you’ll use pyproject.toml when you build and distribute your own packages. In this tutorial, you’ll learn more about TOML and how you can use it. In particular, you’ll: A new module for TOML parsing is being added to […]

June 2022 brought a flurry of exciting news for the Python community! The PSF received funding for a new role focused on security, and held elections for four seats on the board of directors. Results from two important developer surveys were published, and new versions of both Python and some popular packages saw the light of day. PEP 691 got accepted, extending the Simple API for Python packaging indexes. With the Python 3.12 change page live, you can now start […]