Linear Regression in R

Last Updated on August 15, 2020

In this post you will discover 4 recipes for linear regression for the R platform.

You can copy and paste the recipes in this post to make a jump-start on your own problem or to learn and practice with linear regression in R.

Kick-start your project with my new book Machine Learning Mastery With R, including step-by-step tutorials and the R source code files for all examples.

Let’s get started.

Ordinary Least Squares Regression
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Each example in this post uses the longley dataset provided in the datasets package that comes with R. The longley dataset describes 7 economic variables observed from 1947 to 1962 used to predict the number of people employed yearly.

Ordinary Least Squares Regression

Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is a linear model that seeks to find a set of coefficients for a line/hyper-plane that minimise the sum of the squared errors.

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value="714">INFORMATION RETRIEVAL</option> <option class="level-0" value="1767">INMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2409">Input</option> <option class="level-0" value="2221">Instagram</option> <option class="level-0" value="309">INSTANCE SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="345">integration</option> <option class="level-0" value="494">interlingua NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="873">Intermediate</option> <option class="level-0" value="2179">Interoperability</option> <option class="level-0" value="2153">Interpreter</option> <option class="level-0" value="899">Interviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="863">INTRUSION DETECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2028">IRC</option> <option class="level-0" value="1053">Java</option> <option class="level-0" value="2129">JavaScript</option> <option class="level-0" value="2027">JAX</option> <option class="level-0" value="1832">Job Scheduler</option> <option class="level-0" value="1553">JS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1808">Json</option> <option class="level-0" value="2080">Julia</option> <option class="level-0" value="1911">Jupyter notebooks</option> <option class="level-0" value="1906">JupyterLab</option> <option class="level-0" value="2422">JWT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2306">Kafka</option> <option class="level-0" value="2208">Keras</option> <option class="level-0" value="2170">Keyboard</option> <option class="level-0" value="2411">Keylogger</option> <option class="level-0" value="409">Knowledge Distillation for Neural Machine Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="718">KNOWLEDGE GRAPH COMPLETION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2092">Kubernetes</option> <option class="level-0" value="2512">Labels</option> <option class="level-0" value="2499">Lambda</option> <option class="level-0" value="2436">Language</option> <option class="level-0" value="731">LANGUAGE MODELLING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1952">Language Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2580">Large Language Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2467">Launcher</option> <option class="level-0" value="918">learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="1468">Learning Path</option> <option class="level-0" value="2297">LED</option> <option class="level-0" value="2160">Leetcode</option> <option class="level-0" value="1333">Legal-BERT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2120">levenshtein</option> <option class="level-0" value="356">Levenshtein Transformer</option> <option class="level-0" value="1262">Leveraging Monolingual Data</option> <option class="level-0" value="1200">Libraries</option> <option class="level-0" value="2450">License</option> <option class="level-0" value="2097">line-by-line</option> <option class="level-0" value="2582">linear programming</option> <option class="level-0" value="2461">linear-regression</option> <option class="level-0" value="2261">Linux</option> <option class="level-0" value="900">Listicle</option> <option class="level-0" value="2484">Loading</option> <option class="level-0" value="2426">Localization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2292">LocalVariable</option> <option class="level-0" value="2399">Location</option> <option class="level-0" value="2359">Log4j</option> <option class="level-0" value="1863">Logging</option> <option class="level-0" value="2443">Login</option> <option class="level-0" value="2330">Lookup</option> <option class="level-0" value="421">Low-Resource Languages</option> <option class="level-0" value="1732">low-resource neural machine translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1727">Low-Resource NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="15">Machine Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="397">machine translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="477">Machine Translation Summit 2019</option> <option class="level-0" value="1757">Machine Translationese</option> <option class="level-0" value="927">MachineLearning</option> <option class="level-0" value="2279">macOS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1979">Management System</option> <option class="level-0" value="1466">manual evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2304">mapping</option> <option class="level-0" value="1824">Maps</option> <option class="level-0" value="1871">Markdown</option> <option class="level-0" value="1712">Markup Tags</option> <option class="level-0" value="2242">Matching</option> <option class="level-0" value="1959">Math</option> <option class="level-0" value="1218">Maths</option> <option class="level-0" value="1996">Matplotlib</option> <option class="level-0" value="2204">Matrix</option> <option class="level-0" value="2356">Matting</option> <option class="level-0" value="522">Meaning Preservation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2280">Media</option> <option class="level-0" value="2273">MediaPipe</option> <option class="level-0" value="2596">Medical, health and genomics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2256">Memory</option> <option class="level-0" value="2479">Menu</option> <option class="level-0" value="382">Merging Terminology</option> <option class="level-0" value="2244">Message</option> <option class="level-0" value="2050">Messenger</option> <option class="level-0" value="909">META-LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2241">Metadata</option> <option class="level-0" value="2224">Methods</option> <option class="level-0" value="733">METRIC LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2232">metrics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2446">microservices</option> <option class="level-0" value="2302">MIDI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2213">Minecraft</option> <option class="level-0" value="402">Mixed Multi-Head Self-Attention for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2317">MKDocs</option> <option class="level-0" value="2439">MLflow</option> <option class="level-0" value="1928">Model Deployment</option> <option class="level-0" value="1944">Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2502">Monitor</option> <option class="level-0" value="1904">Monitoring</option> <option class="level-0" value="2389">mosaic</option> <option class="level-0" value="2236">Motion</option> <option class="level-0" value="1156">MOTION PLANNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2354">Movies</option> <option class="level-0" value="2114">Mozilla</option> <option class="level-0" value="2283">MQTT</option> <option class="level-0" value="333">MT automatic evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1336">MT evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="472">MT Summit 2019</option> <option class="level-0" value="700">MULTI-ARMED BANDITS</option> <option class="level-0" value="349">Multilingual Denoising Pre-training</option> <option class="level-0" value="481">Multilingual e-disclosure</option> <option class="level-0" value="2378">multiprocessing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1888">Music</option> <option class="level-0" value="1960">Music player</option> <option class="level-0" value="2336">napari</option> <option class="level-0" value="1691">NATURAL LANGUAGE INFERENCE</option> <option class="level-0" value="1737">Natural Language Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1705">NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1267">Nearest Neighbor MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1798">Network</option> <option class="level-0" value="1154">NETWORK PRUNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="512">Neural end-to-end SLT system</option> <option class="level-0" value="388">Neural Machine Translation (NMT)</option> <option class="level-0" value="358">Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="389">Neural MT with Subword Units Using BPE-Dropout</option> <option class="level-0" value="1913">Neural Network</option> <option class="level-0" value="430">Neuron Interaction Based Representation Composition</option> <option class="level-0" value="1962">News</option> <option class="level-0" value="16">NLP</option> <option class="level-0" value="26">NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="447">Noisy Channel Modeling for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1372">non-autoregressive NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1894">Non-Autoregressive Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1750">non-autoregressive translation (NAT)</option> <option class="level-0" value="346">Norm-Based Curriculum Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="882">NoSQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="2344">Notes</option> <option class="level-0" value="1864">Notifications</option> <option class="level-0" value="2490">Notify</option> <option class="level-0" value="2066">Notion</option> <option class="level-0" value="1946">Numpy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2433">NVIDIA</option> <option class="level-0" value="2500">obfuscation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2481">Obfuscator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1652">OBJECT DETECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1740">Object Tracking</option> <option class="level-0" value="2470">Oblique</option> <option class="level-0" value="2058">Observability</option> <option class="level-0" value="2505">Obsidian</option> <option class="level-0" value="2209">OCR</option> <option class="level-0" value="2449">ONNX</option> <option class="level-0" value="2362">OpenAI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2039">OpenCV</option> <option class="level-0" value="2413">Opensea</option> <option class="level-0" value="2487">OpenVINO</option> <option class="level-0" value="890">OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION</option> <option class="level-0" value="724">OPTICAL FLOW ESTIMATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1925">Optimization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2037">ORM</option> <option class="level-0" value="2288">osint-tool</option> <option class="level-0" value="492">Overcorrection Recovery</option> <option class="level-0" value="2128">Package</option> <option class="level-0" value="2360">PaddlePaddle</option> <option class="level-0" value="2125">Pandas</option> <option class="level-0" value="2257">Papers</option> <option class="level-0" value="1249">PARAPHRASE GENERATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="413">Paraphrases in Multilingual Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1969">Parser</option> <option class="level-0" value="2054">Parsing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1937">Password</option> <option class="level-0" value="2334">Patch</option> <option class="level-0" value="2084">Pattern Matching</option> <option class="level-0" value="2195">Patterns</option> <option class="level-0" value="1978">PDF</option> <option class="level-0" value="1706">PERSIAN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2250">Phone number</option> <option class="level-0" value="2081">Physics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2424">Piano</option> <option class="level-0" value="2002">pip-tools</option> <option class="level-0" value="2176">Pipeline</option> <option class="level-0" value="461">Pivot-based Transfer Learning for Neural Machine Translation between non-English languages</option> <option class="level-0" value="586">Pivoting</option> <option class="level-0" value="2148">Planning</option> <option class="level-0" value="2178">Plasma</option> <option class="level-0" value="1831">Plot</option> <option class="level-0" value="2111">Plotting</option> <option class="level-0" value="2421">Plover</option> <option class="level-0" value="2518">PNG</option> <option class="level-0" value="2353">POC</option> <option class="level-0" value="432">Podcast</option> <option class="level-0" value="2061">Point Cloud</option> <option class="level-0" value="2459">Pokemons</option> <option class="level-0" value="2085">Poll</option> <option class="level-0" value="1980">Polygonization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2370">Pomodoro</option> <option class="level-0" value="2451">Portfolio</option> <option class="level-0" value="726">POSE ESTIMATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1967">PostgreSQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="1865">Power BI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2415">prediction</option> <option class="level-0" value="2235">Print</option> <option class="level-0" value="920">processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1173">Profile Building</option> <option class="level-0" value="2328">Profiler</option> <option class="level-0" value="928">Programming</option> <option class="level-0" value="1731">Programming languages and software engineering</option> <option class="level-0" value="2314">Progress</option> <option class="level-0" value="1192">Project</option> <option class="level-0" value="2093">Prometheus</option> <option class="level-0" value="2291">Proof-Of-Concept</option> <option class="level-0" value="2130">Protocol</option> <option class="level-0" value="1817">Proxy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2266">Pycord</option> <option class="level-0" value="2357">Pydantic</option> <option class="level-0" value="2407">Pygame</option> <option class="level-0" value="1938">PyPI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2379">PyQt</option> <option class="level-0" value="2203">pyqt5</option> <option class="level-0" value="2286">PySpark</option> <option class="level-0" value="2123">Pytest</option> <option class="level-0" value="17">Python</option> <option class="level-0" value="2096">Pythonic</option> <option class="level-0" value="1208">PyTorch</option> <option class="level-0" value="2216">QR Codes</option> <option class="level-0" value="2188">QT</option> <option class="level-0" value="444">Quantisation of NMT models</option> <option class="level-0" value="1254">QUANTIZATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1735">Quantum computing</option> <option class="level-0" value="729">QUESTION ANSWERING</option> <option class="level-0" value="720">QUESTION GENERATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2513">Questions</option> <option class="level-0" value="2282">Quiz</option> <option class="level-0" value="2086">QUpath</option> <option class="level-0" value="1368">R</option> <option class="level-0" value="2100">Radio</option> <option class="level-0" value="2442">Random</option> <option class="level-0" value="2418">Random Numbers</option> <option class="level-0" value="2269">Range</option> <option class="level-0" value="2147">Rank</option> <option class="level-0" value="1193">Ranking</option> <option class="level-0" value="1887">Raspberry Pi</option> <option class="level-0" value="1924">Raspberrypi</option> <option class="level-0" value="2477">Ratelimiter</option> <option class="level-0" value="1880">Raytracer</option> <option class="level-0" value="2300">Reader</option> <option class="level-0" value="1707">READING COMPREHENSION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2104">Real Time</option> <option class="level-0" value="2368">ReCaptcha</option> <option class="level-0" value="2102">Recommend</option> <option class="level-0" value="1387">Recommendation</option> <option class="level-0" value="708">RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2254">Recorder</option> <option class="level-0" value="1446">Reddit</option> <option class="level-0" value="1878">Redirect</option> <option class="level-0" value="2293">Redis</option> <option class="level-0" value="2115">Reference</option> <option class="level-0" value="1498">Reinforcement Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="911">RELATION EXTRACTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2419">Reminder</option> <option class="level-0" value="2289">Remote</option> <option class="level-0" value="2226">Remove</option> <option class="level-0" value="2406">Render</option> <option class="level-0" value="2456">Report</option> <option class="level-0" value="479">Representation Bottleneck</option> <option class="level-0" value="2196">Requests</option> <option class="level-0" value="2043">Research</option> <option class="level-0" value="1314">Research & Technology</option> <option class="level-0" value="1664">Researchers & Scientists</option> <option class="level-0" value="1303">Resource</option> <option class="level-0" value="2198">Resources</option> <option class="level-0" value="1797">RESTful API</option> <option class="level-0" value="892">RETINAL VESSEL SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2465">Reverse shell</option> <option class="level-0" value="2197">Reversing</option> <option class="level-0" value="2392">Reviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="2082">Risk</option> <option class="level-0" value="1800">Robot</option> <option class="level-0" value="2201">Robust</option> <option class="level-0" value="486">Robustness in Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2375">Rolling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2347">Runtime</option> <option class="level-0" value="451">scalable adaptation for neural mt</option> <option class="level-0" value="2169">Scanner</option> <option class="level-0" value="2374">Scheduling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2350">Schema</option> <option class="level-0" value="2181">scikit-learn</option> <option class="level-0" value="1961">Scrape</option> <option class="level-0" value="1917">Scrapy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2177">Scratch</option> <option class="level-0" value="1977">Screenshots</option> <option class="level-0" value="1921">Scripts</option> <option class="level-0" value="2376">SDK</option> <option class="level-0" value="1805">Search</option> <option class="level-0" value="2594">Search and information retrieval</option> <option class="level-0" value="1796">Security</option> <option class="level-0" value="1642">Security, privacy, and cryptography</option> <option class="level-0" value="1981">Segmentation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2260">Selenium</option> <option class="level-0" value="1256">SELF-DRIVING CARS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2377">Self-Purified</option> <option class="level-0" value="2045">Self-Supervised</option> <option class="level-0" value="2182">Semantic</option> <option class="level-0" value="859">SEMANTIC PARSING</option> <option class="level-0" value="896">SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="695">Semantic Similarity</option> <option class="level-0" value="1482">Semi-supervised</option> <option class="level-0" value="2272">sentence</option> <option class="level-0" value="2238">Sentiment</option> <option class="level-0" value="1229">Sequence Modeling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2172">Sequence-to-Sequence</option> <option class="level-0" value="2175">Sequences</option> <option class="level-0" value="1877">Server</option> <option class="level-0" value="1990">Serverless</option> <option class="level-0" value="2290">Settings</option> <option class="level-0" value="1850">shared-private bilingual word embeddings</option> <option class="level-0" value="2101">Shell</option> <option class="level-0" value="2425">Shell Handler</option> <option class="level-0" value="2191">Shortener URL</option> <option class="level-0" value="2116">Signature Verification</option> <option class="level-0" value="1859">Simulation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2510">Simulator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1743">single bridge language</option> <option class="level-0" value="2271">Sketch</option> <option class="level-0" value="1559">Skilltest</option> <option class="level-0" value="2150">Slack</option> <option class="level-0" value="2408">Slash</option> <option class="level-0" value="2486">Slots</option> <option class="level-0" value="2457">SmartGrid</option> <option class="level-0" value="2444">SMS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2466">Snake</option> <option class="level-0" value="2474">Sniper</option> <option class="level-0" value="1272">Social Media</option> <option class="level-0" value="2361">Sockets</option> <option class="level-0" value="2222">Solution</option> <option class="level-0" value="2313">Solvers</option> <option class="level-0" value="2078">Sort</option> <option class="level-0" value="1451">Sound Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1670">Spark</option> <option class="level-0" value="2164">Spectral Indices</option> <option class="level-0" value="2089">Speech</option> <option class="level-0" value="2030">Speech Recognitio</option> <option class="level-0" value="1694">SPEECH RECOGNITION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2016">Speech To Text</option> <option class="level-0" value="2184">Sphinx</option> <option class="level-0" value="2506">Split</option> <option class="level-0" value="2496">Spoofer</option> <option class="level-0" value="2440">Sport</option> <option class="level-0" value="1289">Sports</option> <option class="level-0" value="2012">Spotify</option> <option 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value="2218">Authorization</option> <option class="level-0" value="1063">Autoencoder</option> <option class="level-0" value="340">automatic metrics in MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1856">Automation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1860">Automl</option> <option class="level-0" value="722">AUTONOMOUS DRIVING</option> <option class="level-0" value="507">Average Attention Network</option> <option class="level-0" value="1915">AWS</option> <option class="level-0" value="571">Back Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2488">Backdoor</option> <option class="level-0" value="2390">Background</option> <option class="level-0" value="589">backtranslated data</option> <option class="level-0" value="2323">Backup</option> <option class="level-0" value="2119">Badge</option> <option class="level-0" value="384">Balancing Training data for Multilingual Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2193">Bank</option> <option class="level-0" value="1408">Banking</option> <option class="level-0" value="1031">Based</option> <option class="level-0" value="2318">Baseline</option> <option class="level-0" value="2247">Bash</option> <option class="level-0" value="1075">Bayes</option> <option class="level-0" value="2240">Bayesian</option> <option class="level-0" value="878">Beginner</option> <option class="level-0" value="2199">Behavior</option> <option class="level-0" value="2003">Benchmark</option> <option class="level-0" value="1826">Benford</option> <option class="level-0" value="2031">BERT</option> <option class="level-0" value="415">BERT in Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="879">Big data</option> <option class="level-0" value="1780">Bilingual and Monolingual dictionaries</option> <option class="level-0" value="1688">Bilingual Terminology Mining</option> <option class="level-0" value="327">bilingual word embeddings</option> <option class="level-0" value="2452">Binance</option> <option class="level-0" value="2217">binaries</option> <option class="level-0" value="2372">Binary</option> <option class="level-0" value="2117">Bindings</option> <option class="level-0" value="2274">Bitcoin</option> <option class="level-0" value="1881">black-box NMT attack</option> <option class="level-0" value="2183">Blender</option> <option class="level-0" value="2233">Blockchain</option> <option class="level-0" value="2434">Blocks</option> <option class="level-0" value="1936">Board</option> <option class="level-0" value="2006">Book</option> <option class="level-0" value="2065">Boost</option> <option class="level-0" value="2211">Bootstrap</option> <option class="level-0" value="1920">Bot</option> <option class="level-0" value="1771">BPE</option> <option class="level-0" value="2180">BreakDown</option> <option class="level-0" value="2231">Bridge</option> <option class="level-0" value="2165">Browser</option> <option class="level-0" value="2455">Burp Extension</option> <option class="level-0" value="1150">Business Analytics</option> <option class="level-0" value="1363">Business Intelligence</option> <option class="level-0" value="2464">Bypass</option> <option class="level-0" value="428">Byte-level subwords</option> <option class="level-0" value="2371">Cache</option> <option class="level-0" value="554">cache-based memory network</option> <option class="level-0" value="2004">Calculator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1965">Calendar</option> <option class="level-0" value="2423">Calibre</option> <option class="level-0" value="1343">Call Center</option> <option class="level-0" value="2124">Camera</option> <option class="level-0" value="2363">Captcha</option> <option class="level-0" value="2388">Card</option> <option class="level-0" value="885">Career</option> <option class="level-0" value="737">CAUSAL INFERENCE</option> <option class="level-0" value="2156">Certificates</option> <option class="level-0" value="2249">Challenge</option> <option class="level-0" value="2491">Character</option> <option class="level-0" value="568">character-based Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="439">Character-based Neural MT with Transformers</option> <option class="level-0" value="1104">Charts</option> <option class="level-0" value="2205">Chat</option> <option class="level-0" value="1251">CHATBOT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1922">Checker</option> <option class="level-0" value="2308">Chess</option> <option class="level-0" value="2498">chrome</option> <option class="level-0" value="2497">Chrome Extension</option> <option class="level-0" value="2430">Cipher</option> <option class="level-0" value="2192">Cisco</option> <option class="level-0" value="1207">Classification</option> <option class="level-0" value="1059">Classifiers</option> <option class="level-0" value="1833">Clean Code</option> <option class="level-0" value="2110">ClickHouse</option> <option class="level-0" value="2458">clipboard</option> <option class="level-0" value="2200">Clock</option> <option class="level-0" value="2171">Cloud</option> <option class="level-0" value="1162">Cloud Computing</option> <option class="level-0" value="2404">Cloudflare</option> <option class="level-0" value="2194">CloudFormation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2206">Clubhouse</option> <option class="level-0" value="2454">Cluster</option> <option class="level-0" value="1361">Clustering</option> <option class="level-0" value="1989">CMS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1039">CNN</option> <option class="level-0" value="2143">Code</option> <option class="level-0" value="2190">Codemirror</option> <option class="level-0" value="1847">Color</option> <option class="level-0" value="2369">combine</option> <option class="level-0" value="1646">COMET</option> <option class="level-0" value="1785">Command-line Tools</option> <option class="level-0" value="2320">Comments</option> <option class="level-0" value="2501">Commit</option> <option class="level-0" value="2113">Compiler</option> <option class="level-0" value="405">Computation</option> <option class="level-0" value="887">Computer Vision</option> <option class="level-0" value="2151">Concurrency</option> <option class="level-0" value="2010">Configuration</option> <option class="level-0" value="2471">Connector</option> <option class="level-0" value="1995">Console</option> <option class="level-0" value="370">Constrained Decoding</option> <option class="level-0" value="322">constrained parameter initialisation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2485">Contact</option> <option class="level-0" value="2364">Containers</option> <option class="level-0" value="518">Context-aware</option> <option class="level-0" value="437">Context-aware Monolingual Repail for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="367">Context-aware Neural Machine Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="311">Context-aware Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="500">Context-aware NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="299">CONTINUAL LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2489">Contract</option> <option class="level-0" value="559">Contrastive Evaluation of Machine Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1183">CONTRASTIVE LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2295">Controller</option> <option class="level-0" value="1872">conversational AI</option> <option class="level-0" value="305">CONVERSATIONAL RESPONSE SELECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1991">Conversion</option> <option class="level-0" value="2162">Converter</option> <option class="level-0" value="2079">COPASI</option> <option class="level-0" value="1610">Core ML</option> <option class="level-0" value="2462">Countdown</option> <option class="level-0" value="2493">Counter</option> <option class="level-0" value="953">Course</option> <option class="level-0" value="2052">COVID-19</option> <option class="level-0" value="2341">Cracker</option> <option class="level-0" value="2365">Crawler</option> <option class="level-0" value="2326">Cropper</option> <option class="level-0" value="532">Cross Language Model Pretraining</option> <option class="level-0" value="861">CROSS-LINGUAL TRANSFER</option> <option class="level-0" value="2210">Cross-Platform</option> <option class="level-0" value="698">CROWD COUNTING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1885">Cryptocurrency</option> <option class="level-0" value="2118">CSS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2427">CSV</option> <option class="level-0" value="2435">Currency</option> <option class="level-0" value="2349">Curve</option> <option class="level-0" value="2431">CVE</option> <option class="level-0" value="1481">Cyber Security</option> <option class="level-0" value="2412">Dash</option> <option class="level-0" value="2248">Dashboard</option> <option class="level-0" value="294">Data</option> <option class="level-0" value="1792">Data Analysis</option> <option class="level-0" value="1160">DATA AUGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="601">Data Cleaning</option> <option class="level-0" value="880">Data Engineering</option> <option class="level-0" value="1463">Data Exploration</option> <option class="level-0" value="1579">Data Mining</option> <option class="level-0" value="2595">Data platforms and analytics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2324">Data Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1023">Data Science</option> <option class="level-0" value="1999">Data Scientists</option> <option class="level-0" value="2287">Data Sharing</option> <option class="level-0" value="2410">Data structure</option> <option class="level-0" value="1345">Data Visualization</option> <option class="level-0" value="881">Database</option> <option class="level-0" value="1947">Dataset</option> <option class="level-0" value="1313">Datasets</option> <option class="level-0" value="1844">Date and Time</option> <option class="level-0" value="2316">ddos</option> <option class="level-0" value="2047">Debugger</option> <option class="level-0" value="582">decoding</option> <option class="level-0" value="2219">Decrypt</option> <option class="level-0" value="1058">Deep</option> <option class="level-0" value="1140">DEEP ATTENTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="14">Deep Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="497">Deep Transformer Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="295">DENOISING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1806">denoising parallel corpora</option> <option class="level-0" value="2121">dependencies</option> <option class="level-0" value="2503">Dependency Injection</option> <option class="level-0" value="2386">Desktop</option> <option class="level-0" value="2048">Detection</option> <option class="level-0" value="2122">Developer Tools</option> <option class="level-0" value="1814">DevOps Tools</option> <option class="level-0" value="2335">Diablo</option> <option class="level-0" value="1252">DIALOGUE UNDERSTANDING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2400">Dictionary</option> <option class="level-0" value="2468">Differentiable</option> <option class="level-0" value="905">DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2215">Directory</option> <option class="level-0" value="1869">Discord</option> <option class="level-0" value="2214">Discord-py</option> <option class="level-0" value="575">dissemination</option> <option class="level-0" value="2034">Distributed</option> <option class="level-0" value="603">Distributed Synchronous SGD</option> <option class="level-0" value="1902">Django</option> <option class="level-0" value="2299">DNS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1927">Docker</option> <option class="level-0" value="2246">Document</option> <option class="level-0" value="1857">Documentation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2380">DOM</option> <option class="level-0" value="2046">Domain</option> <option class="level-0" value="578">Domain Adaptation for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="434">Domain Differential Adaptation</option> <option class="level-0" value="297">DOMAIN GENERALIZATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1822">Download</option> <option class="level-0" value="2263">Drawing</option> <option class="level-0" value="2187">Dropbox</option> <option class="level-0" value="2463">Dumper</option> <option class="level-0" value="1907">Dungeondraft</option> <option class="level-0" value="2405">Duolingo</option> <option class="level-0" value="1044">DVC</option> <option class="level-0" value="2351">Dynamic</option> <option class="level-0" value="1386">E-Commerce</option> <option class="level-0" value="2416">Earth</option> <option class="level-0" value="394">Echo State</option> <option class="level-0" value="1136">EDGE DETECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1845">Editor</option> <option class="level-0" value="886">Education</option> <option class="level-0" value="1793">EFNMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2511">eink</option> <option class="level-0" value="1843">Email</option> <option class="level-0" value="1897">Embedded Development</option> <option class="level-0" value="1852">Emojis</option> <option class="level-0" value="1942">Emulation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2345">Encoder</option> <option class="level-0" value="2212">Encryption</option> <option class="level-0" value="2091">End-to-End</option> <option class="level-0" value="1279">Entertainment</option> <option class="level-0" value="2509">Environment</option> <option class="level-0" value="2329">Error</option> <option class="level-0" value="351">Estimation Metric</option> <option class="level-0" value="362">Estimators of Quality</option> <option class="level-0" value="2095">Ethereum</option> <option class="level-0" value="380">Evaluating Human-Machine Parity in Language Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2277">Evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2508">Event</option> <option class="level-0" value="872">Excel</option> <option class="level-0" value="2352">Exploit</option> <option class="level-0" value="2514">Extractor</option> <option class="level-0" value="2098">Eyetracking</option> <option class="level-0" value="2284">Face Detection</option> <option class="level-0" value="1818">Face recognition</option> <option class="level-0" value="894">FACE SKETCH SYNTHESIS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2275">Facebook</option> <option class="level-0" value="2044">Fashion</option> <option class="level-0" value="1985">FastAPI</option> <option class="level-0" value="1957">Feed</option> <option class="level-0" value="2152">Fetching</option> <option class="level-0" value="1258">FEW-SHOT LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1958">ffmpeg</option> <option class="level-0" value="2024">Field</option> <option class="level-0" value="2396">File Management</option> <option class="level-0" value="2358">Files</option> <option class="level-0" value="2036">Filter</option> <option class="level-0" value="2397">Finder</option> <option class="level-0" value="2394">Firewall</option> <option class="level-0" value="2051">Firmware</option> <option class="level-0" value="2322">Flag</option> <option class="level-0" value="2340">Flappy Bird</option> <option class="level-0" value="1948">Flask</option> <option class="level-0" value="2083">Fonts</option> <option class="level-0" value="1896">Form</option> <option class="level-0" value="1846">Formula</option> <option class="level-0" value="1993">Forum</option> <option class="level-0" value="1889">Fractals</option> <option class="level-0" value="1789">Framework</option> <option class="level-0" value="2343">Frequency</option> <option class="level-0" value="2013">FTP</option> <option class="level-0" value="2055">Function</option> <option class="level-0" value="2059">Functional</option> <option class="level-0" value="2325">Fusion 360</option> <option class="level-0" value="2475">Fuzzing</option> <option class="level-0" value="464">Fuzzy Matches in Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1790">Games</option> <option class="level-0" value="2492">Gateway</option> <option class="level-0" value="1875">gender bias</option> <option class="level-0" value="1998">Generator</option> <option class="level-0" value="2441">Genetic</option> <option class="level-0" value="1839">Geolocation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2402">Geometric</option> <option class="level-0" value="2057">Geoscience</option> <option class="level-0" value="2507">Gesture</option> <option class="level-0" value="1346">Github</option> <option class="level-0" value="2264">GitLab</option> <option class="level-0" value="2453">Gmail</option> <option class="level-0" value="2126">Google</option> <option class="level-0" value="2056">Google Earth</option> <option class="level-0" value="2099">GPU</option> <option class="level-0" value="2228">Grabber</option> <option class="level-0" value="1788">Graph</option> <option class="level-0" value="1167">GRAPH CLASSIFICATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1158">GRAPH EMBEDDING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2584">graph neural networks</option> <option class="level-0" value="2158">Graphics</option> <option class="level-0" value="689">Graphics and multimedia</option> <option class="level-0" value="2355">GraphQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="1280">Graphs & Networks</option> <option class="level-0" value="1568">Groovy</option> <option class="level-0" value="1787">GUI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2310">Guide</option> <option class="level-0" value="2429">Hackathon</option> <option class="level-0" value="2008">Hacking</option> <option class="level-0" value="2202">hacktoberfest</option> <option class="level-0" value="970">HandWiki</option> <option class="level-0" value="2494">Handwriting</option> <option class="level-0" value="1903">Hardware</option> <option class="level-0" value="1637">Hardware and devices</option> <option class="level-0" value="2268">Hash</option> <option class="level-0" value="2478">hcaptcha</option> <option class="level-0" value="1997">HDFS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1873">Healthcare</option> <option class="level-0" value="2309">Heatmap</option> <option class="level-0" value="2332">Helper</option> <option class="level-0" value="2403">Highlighting</option> <option class="level-0" value="2298">Histogram</option> <option class="level-0" value="2131">Home Assistant</option> <option class="level-0" value="2000">Hooks</option> <option class="level-0" value="2166">Html</option> <option class="level-0" value="1849">HTTP</option> <option class="level-0" value="580">human translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1644">Human-computer interaction</option> <option class="level-0" value="375">Human-Machine Parity</option> <option class="level-0" value="2225">Humans</option> <option class="level-0" value="2296">Hunting</option> <option class="level-0" value="528">hybrid unsupervised MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1142">HYPERPARAMETER OPTIMIZATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2393">Icon</option> <option class="level-0" value="2294">identification</option> <option class="level-0" value="1226">Image</option> <option class="level-0" value="1415">Image Analysis</option> <option class="level-0" value="735">IMAGE CAPTIONING</option> <option class="level-0" value="307">IMAGE CLASSIFICATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2053">Image Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="706">IMAGE SUPER-RESOLUTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2173">Image To Image</option> <option class="level-0" value="2348">image-rotate</option> <option class="level-0" value="1791">Images</option> <option class="level-0" value="1840">Imitation learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="441">Improving Multilingual Neural MT for unseen Languages</option> <option class="level-0" value="525">improving robustness in Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="502">Incremental Interlingua-based Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2305">InfluxDB</option> <option class="level-0" value="1328">Infographic</option> <option class="level-0" value="1329">Infographics</option> <option class="level-0" value="714">INFORMATION RETRIEVAL</option> <option class="level-0" value="1767">INMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2409">Input</option> <option class="level-0" value="2221">Instagram</option> <option class="level-0" value="309">INSTANCE SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="345">integration</option> <option class="level-0" value="494">interlingua NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="873">Intermediate</option> <option class="level-0" value="2179">Interoperability</option> <option class="level-0" value="2153">Interpreter</option> <option class="level-0" value="899">Interviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="863">INTRUSION DETECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2028">IRC</option> <option class="level-0" value="1053">Java</option> <option class="level-0" value="2129">JavaScript</option> <option class="level-0" value="2027">JAX</option> <option class="level-0" value="1832">Job Scheduler</option> <option class="level-0" value="1553">JS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1808">Json</option> <option class="level-0" value="2080">Julia</option> <option class="level-0" value="1911">Jupyter notebooks</option> <option class="level-0" value="1906">JupyterLab</option> <option class="level-0" value="2422">JWT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2306">Kafka</option> <option class="level-0" value="2208">Keras</option> <option class="level-0" value="2170">Keyboard</option> <option class="level-0" value="2411">Keylogger</option> <option class="level-0" value="409">Knowledge Distillation for Neural Machine Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="718">KNOWLEDGE GRAPH COMPLETION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2092">Kubernetes</option> <option class="level-0" value="2512">Labels</option> <option class="level-0" value="2499">Lambda</option> <option class="level-0" value="2436">Language</option> <option class="level-0" value="731">LANGUAGE MODELLING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1952">Language Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2580">Large Language Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2467">Launcher</option> <option class="level-0" value="918">learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="1468">Learning Path</option> <option class="level-0" value="2297">LED</option> <option class="level-0" value="2160">Leetcode</option> <option class="level-0" value="1333">Legal-BERT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2120">levenshtein</option> <option class="level-0" value="356">Levenshtein Transformer</option> <option class="level-0" value="1262">Leveraging Monolingual Data</option> <option class="level-0" value="1200">Libraries</option> <option class="level-0" value="2450">License</option> <option class="level-0" value="2097">line-by-line</option> <option class="level-0" value="2582">linear programming</option> <option class="level-0" value="2461">linear-regression</option> <option class="level-0" value="2261">Linux</option> <option class="level-0" value="900">Listicle</option> <option class="level-0" value="2484">Loading</option> <option class="level-0" value="2426">Localization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2292">LocalVariable</option> <option class="level-0" value="2399">Location</option> <option class="level-0" value="2359">Log4j</option> <option class="level-0" value="1863">Logging</option> <option class="level-0" value="2443">Login</option> <option class="level-0" value="2330">Lookup</option> <option class="level-0" value="421">Low-Resource Languages</option> <option class="level-0" value="1732">low-resource neural machine translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1727">Low-Resource NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="15">Machine Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="397">machine translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="477">Machine Translation Summit 2019</option> <option class="level-0" value="1757">Machine Translationese</option> <option class="level-0" value="927">MachineLearning</option> <option class="level-0" value="2279">macOS</option> <option class="level-0" value="1979">Management System</option> <option class="level-0" value="1466">manual evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2304">mapping</option> <option class="level-0" value="1824">Maps</option> <option class="level-0" value="1871">Markdown</option> <option class="level-0" value="1712">Markup Tags</option> <option class="level-0" value="2242">Matching</option> <option class="level-0" value="1959">Math</option> <option class="level-0" value="1218">Maths</option> <option class="level-0" value="1996">Matplotlib</option> <option class="level-0" value="2204">Matrix</option> <option class="level-0" value="2356">Matting</option> <option class="level-0" value="522">Meaning Preservation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2280">Media</option> <option class="level-0" value="2273">MediaPipe</option> <option class="level-0" value="2596">Medical, health and genomics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2256">Memory</option> <option class="level-0" value="2479">Menu</option> <option class="level-0" value="382">Merging Terminology</option> <option class="level-0" value="2244">Message</option> <option class="level-0" value="2050">Messenger</option> <option class="level-0" value="909">META-LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2241">Metadata</option> <option class="level-0" value="2224">Methods</option> <option class="level-0" value="733">METRIC LEARNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2232">metrics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2446">microservices</option> <option class="level-0" value="2302">MIDI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2213">Minecraft</option> <option class="level-0" value="402">Mixed Multi-Head Self-Attention for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2317">MKDocs</option> <option class="level-0" value="2439">MLflow</option> <option class="level-0" value="1928">Model Deployment</option> <option class="level-0" value="1944">Models</option> <option class="level-0" value="2502">Monitor</option> <option class="level-0" value="1904">Monitoring</option> <option class="level-0" value="2389">mosaic</option> <option class="level-0" value="2236">Motion</option> <option class="level-0" value="1156">MOTION PLANNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="2354">Movies</option> <option class="level-0" value="2114">Mozilla</option> <option class="level-0" value="2283">MQTT</option> <option class="level-0" value="333">MT automatic evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1336">MT evaluation</option> <option class="level-0" value="472">MT Summit 2019</option> <option class="level-0" value="700">MULTI-ARMED BANDITS</option> <option class="level-0" value="349">Multilingual Denoising Pre-training</option> <option class="level-0" value="481">Multilingual e-disclosure</option> <option class="level-0" value="2378">multiprocessing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1888">Music</option> <option class="level-0" value="1960">Music player</option> <option class="level-0" value="2336">napari</option> <option class="level-0" value="1691">NATURAL LANGUAGE INFERENCE</option> <option class="level-0" value="1737">Natural Language Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1705">NATURAL LANGUAGE UNDERSTANDING</option> <option class="level-0" value="1267">Nearest Neighbor MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1798">Network</option> <option class="level-0" value="1154">NETWORK PRUNING</option> <option class="level-0" value="512">Neural end-to-end SLT system</option> <option class="level-0" value="388">Neural Machine Translation (NMT)</option> <option class="level-0" value="358">Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="389">Neural MT with Subword Units Using BPE-Dropout</option> <option class="level-0" value="1913">Neural Network</option> <option class="level-0" value="430">Neuron Interaction Based Representation Composition</option> <option class="level-0" value="1962">News</option> <option class="level-0" value="16">NLP</option> <option class="level-0" value="26">NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="447">Noisy Channel Modeling for Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1372">non-autoregressive NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1894">Non-Autoregressive Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="1750">non-autoregressive translation (NAT)</option> <option class="level-0" value="346">Norm-Based Curriculum Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="882">NoSQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="2344">Notes</option> <option class="level-0" value="1864">Notifications</option> <option class="level-0" value="2490">Notify</option> <option class="level-0" value="2066">Notion</option> <option class="level-0" value="1946">Numpy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2433">NVIDIA</option> <option class="level-0" value="2500">obfuscation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2481">Obfuscator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1652">OBJECT DETECTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1740">Object Tracking</option> <option class="level-0" value="2470">Oblique</option> <option class="level-0" value="2058">Observability</option> <option class="level-0" value="2505">Obsidian</option> <option class="level-0" value="2209">OCR</option> <option class="level-0" value="2449">ONNX</option> <option class="level-0" value="2362">OpenAI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2039">OpenCV</option> <option class="level-0" value="2413">Opensea</option> <option class="level-0" value="2487">OpenVINO</option> <option class="level-0" value="890">OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION</option> <option class="level-0" value="724">OPTICAL FLOW ESTIMATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1925">Optimization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2037">ORM</option> <option class="level-0" value="2288">osint-tool</option> <option class="level-0" value="492">Overcorrection Recovery</option> <option class="level-0" value="2128">Package</option> <option class="level-0" value="2360">PaddlePaddle</option> <option class="level-0" value="2125">Pandas</option> <option class="level-0" value="2257">Papers</option> <option class="level-0" value="1249">PARAPHRASE GENERATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="413">Paraphrases in Multilingual Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="1969">Parser</option> <option class="level-0" value="2054">Parsing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1937">Password</option> <option class="level-0" value="2334">Patch</option> <option class="level-0" value="2084">Pattern Matching</option> <option class="level-0" value="2195">Patterns</option> <option class="level-0" value="1978">PDF</option> <option class="level-0" value="1706">PERSIAN SENTIMENT ANALYSIS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2250">Phone number</option> <option class="level-0" value="2081">Physics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2424">Piano</option> <option class="level-0" value="2002">pip-tools</option> <option class="level-0" value="2176">Pipeline</option> <option class="level-0" value="461">Pivot-based Transfer Learning for Neural Machine Translation between non-English languages</option> <option class="level-0" value="586">Pivoting</option> <option class="level-0" value="2148">Planning</option> <option class="level-0" value="2178">Plasma</option> <option class="level-0" value="1831">Plot</option> <option class="level-0" value="2111">Plotting</option> <option class="level-0" value="2421">Plover</option> <option class="level-0" value="2518">PNG</option> <option class="level-0" value="2353">POC</option> <option class="level-0" value="432">Podcast</option> <option class="level-0" value="2061">Point Cloud</option> <option class="level-0" value="2459">Pokemons</option> <option class="level-0" value="2085">Poll</option> <option class="level-0" value="1980">Polygonization</option> <option class="level-0" value="2370">Pomodoro</option> <option class="level-0" value="2451">Portfolio</option> <option class="level-0" value="726">POSE ESTIMATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1967">PostgreSQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="1865">Power BI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2415">prediction</option> <option class="level-0" value="2235">Print</option> <option class="level-0" value="920">processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1173">Profile Building</option> <option class="level-0" value="2328">Profiler</option> <option class="level-0" value="928">Programming</option> <option class="level-0" value="1731">Programming languages and software engineering</option> <option class="level-0" value="2314">Progress</option> <option class="level-0" value="1192">Project</option> <option class="level-0" value="2093">Prometheus</option> <option class="level-0" value="2291">Proof-Of-Concept</option> <option class="level-0" value="2130">Protocol</option> <option class="level-0" value="1817">Proxy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2266">Pycord</option> <option class="level-0" value="2357">Pydantic</option> <option class="level-0" value="2407">Pygame</option> <option class="level-0" value="1938">PyPI</option> <option class="level-0" value="2379">PyQt</option> <option class="level-0" value="2203">pyqt5</option> <option class="level-0" value="2286">PySpark</option> <option class="level-0" value="2123">Pytest</option> <option class="level-0" value="17">Python</option> <option class="level-0" value="2096">Pythonic</option> <option class="level-0" value="1208">PyTorch</option> <option class="level-0" value="2216">QR Codes</option> <option class="level-0" value="2188">QT</option> <option class="level-0" value="444">Quantisation of NMT models</option> <option class="level-0" value="1254">QUANTIZATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="1735">Quantum computing</option> <option class="level-0" value="729">QUESTION ANSWERING</option> <option class="level-0" value="720">QUESTION GENERATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2513">Questions</option> <option class="level-0" value="2282">Quiz</option> <option class="level-0" value="2086">QUpath</option> <option class="level-0" value="1368">R</option> <option class="level-0" value="2100">Radio</option> <option class="level-0" value="2442">Random</option> <option class="level-0" value="2418">Random Numbers</option> <option class="level-0" value="2269">Range</option> <option class="level-0" value="2147">Rank</option> <option class="level-0" value="1193">Ranking</option> <option class="level-0" value="1887">Raspberry Pi</option> <option class="level-0" value="1924">Raspberrypi</option> <option class="level-0" value="2477">Ratelimiter</option> <option class="level-0" value="1880">Raytracer</option> <option class="level-0" value="2300">Reader</option> <option class="level-0" value="1707">READING COMPREHENSION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2104">Real Time</option> <option class="level-0" value="2368">ReCaptcha</option> <option class="level-0" value="2102">Recommend</option> <option class="level-0" value="1387">Recommendation</option> <option class="level-0" value="708">RECOMMENDATION SYSTEMS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2254">Recorder</option> <option class="level-0" value="1446">Reddit</option> <option class="level-0" value="1878">Redirect</option> <option class="level-0" value="2293">Redis</option> <option class="level-0" value="2115">Reference</option> <option class="level-0" value="1498">Reinforcement Learning</option> <option class="level-0" value="911">RELATION EXTRACTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2419">Reminder</option> <option class="level-0" value="2289">Remote</option> <option class="level-0" value="2226">Remove</option> <option class="level-0" value="2406">Render</option> <option class="level-0" value="2456">Report</option> <option class="level-0" value="479">Representation Bottleneck</option> <option class="level-0" value="2196">Requests</option> <option class="level-0" value="2043">Research</option> <option class="level-0" value="1314">Research & Technology</option> <option class="level-0" value="1664">Researchers & Scientists</option> <option class="level-0" value="1303">Resource</option> <option class="level-0" value="2198">Resources</option> <option class="level-0" value="1797">RESTful API</option> <option class="level-0" value="892">RETINAL VESSEL SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2465">Reverse shell</option> <option class="level-0" value="2197">Reversing</option> <option class="level-0" value="2392">Reviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="2082">Risk</option> <option class="level-0" value="1800">Robot</option> <option class="level-0" value="2201">Robust</option> <option class="level-0" value="486">Robustness in Neural MT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2375">Rolling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2347">Runtime</option> <option class="level-0" value="451">scalable adaptation for neural mt</option> <option class="level-0" value="2169">Scanner</option> <option class="level-0" value="2374">Scheduling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2350">Schema</option> <option class="level-0" value="2181">scikit-learn</option> <option class="level-0" value="1961">Scrape</option> <option class="level-0" value="1917">Scrapy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2177">Scratch</option> <option class="level-0" value="1977">Screenshots</option> <option class="level-0" value="1921">Scripts</option> <option class="level-0" value="2376">SDK</option> <option class="level-0" value="1805">Search</option> <option class="level-0" value="2594">Search and information retrieval</option> <option class="level-0" value="1796">Security</option> <option class="level-0" value="1642">Security, privacy, and cryptography</option> <option class="level-0" value="1981">Segmentation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2260">Selenium</option> <option class="level-0" value="1256">SELF-DRIVING CARS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2377">Self-Purified</option> <option class="level-0" value="2045">Self-Supervised</option> <option class="level-0" value="2182">Semantic</option> <option class="level-0" value="859">SEMANTIC PARSING</option> <option class="level-0" value="896">SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION</option> <option class="level-0" value="695">Semantic Similarity</option> <option class="level-0" value="1482">Semi-supervised</option> <option class="level-0" value="2272">sentence</option> <option class="level-0" value="2238">Sentiment</option> <option class="level-0" value="1229">Sequence Modeling</option> <option class="level-0" value="2172">Sequence-to-Sequence</option> <option class="level-0" value="2175">Sequences</option> <option class="level-0" value="1877">Server</option> <option class="level-0" value="1990">Serverless</option> <option class="level-0" value="2290">Settings</option> <option class="level-0" value="1850">shared-private bilingual word embeddings</option> <option class="level-0" value="2101">Shell</option> <option class="level-0" value="2425">Shell Handler</option> <option class="level-0" value="2191">Shortener URL</option> <option class="level-0" value="2116">Signature Verification</option> <option class="level-0" value="1859">Simulation</option> <option class="level-0" value="2510">Simulator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1743">single bridge language</option> <option class="level-0" value="2271">Sketch</option> <option class="level-0" value="1559">Skilltest</option> <option class="level-0" value="2150">Slack</option> <option class="level-0" value="2408">Slash</option> <option class="level-0" value="2486">Slots</option> <option class="level-0" value="2457">SmartGrid</option> <option class="level-0" value="2444">SMS</option> <option class="level-0" value="2466">Snake</option> <option class="level-0" value="2474">Sniper</option> <option class="level-0" value="1272">Social Media</option> <option class="level-0" value="2361">Sockets</option> <option class="level-0" value="2222">Solution</option> <option class="level-0" value="2313">Solvers</option> <option class="level-0" value="2078">Sort</option> <option class="level-0" value="1451">Sound Processing</option> <option class="level-0" value="1670">Spark</option> <option class="level-0" value="2164">Spectral Indices</option> <option class="level-0" value="2089">Speech</option> <option class="level-0" value="2030">Speech Recognitio</option> <option class="level-0" value="1694">SPEECH RECOGNITION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2016">Speech To Text</option> <option class="level-0" value="2184">Sphinx</option> <option class="level-0" value="2506">Split</option> <option class="level-0" value="2496">Spoofer</option> <option class="level-0" value="2440">Sport</option> <option class="level-0" value="1289">Sports</option> <option class="level-0" value="2012">Spotify</option> <option class="level-0" value="1469">SQL</option> <option class="level-0" value="2234">SQLAlchemy</option> <option class="level-0" value="2227">SQLite</option> <option class="level-0" value="2391">Square</option> <option class="level-0" value="2168">SSH</option> <option class="level-0" value="2517">StarkNet</option> <option class="level-0" value="2339">Starlink</option> <option class="level-0" value="2387">Starter</option> <option class="level-0" value="2303">State</option> <option class="level-0" value="2109">Static Site Generator</option> <option class="level-0" value="1151">Statistics</option> <option class="level-0" value="2515">Steam</option> <option class="level-0" value="2189">Stock</option> <option class="level-0" value="2315">Storage</option> <option class="level-0" value="2154">Stream</option> <option class="level-0" value="2220">Streamlit</option> <option class="level-0" value="2108">Strings</option> <option class="level-0" value="2149">Structure</option> <option class="level-0" value="874">Structured Data</option> <option class="level-0" value="2432">Students</option> <option class="level-0" value="2060">StyleGAN</option> <option class="level-0" value="598">Sub-word Units</option> <option class="level-0" value="2157">Sublime Text</option> <option class="level-0" value="2483">Sudoku</option> <option class="level-0" value="1138">SUPER RESOLUTION</option> <option class="level-0" value="2321">Super-Resolution</option> <option class="level-0" value="1186">Supervised</option> <option class="level-0" value="2090">SVG</option> <option class="level-0" value="1428">Swift</option> <option class="level-0" value="2331">Switch</option> <option class="level-0" value="1801">synchronous bidirectional NMT</option> <option class="level-0" value="2255">Synthesis</option> <option class="level-0" value="1594">Systems and networking</option> <option class="level-0" value="1470">Tableau</option> <option class="level-0" value="2252">tables</option> <option class="level-0" value="2319">Tag</option> <option class="level-0" value="489">Tagged Back-Translation</option> <option class="level-0" value="315">Target Conditioned Sampling</option> <option class="level-0" value="1774">target lemma annotations</option> <option class="level-0" value="2025">Task</option> <option class="level-0" value="2312">taskbar</option> <option class="level-0" value="2237">Teachers</option> <option class="level-0" value="875">Technique</option> <option class="level-0" value="1224">Telecom</option> <option class="level-0" value="2023">Telegram</option> <option class="level-0" value="2301">Tello</option> <option class="level-0" 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