Python tutorials

Python: Get Number of Days Between Dates

Introduction In this tutorial, we’ll take a look at how to get the number of days between two dates in Python. We’ll be using the built-in datetime package, that allows you to really easily work with datetime objects in Python. Creating a Datetime Object As datetime is a built-in module, you can access it right away by importing it at the top of your Python file. You can construct datetime objects in a few different ways: from datetime import datetime […]

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Python: Check if Variable is a Dictionary

Introduction Variables act as a container to store data. A developer can use type hints when creating variables or passing arguments, however, that’s an optional feature in Python, and many codebases, old and new, are yet to have them. It’s more common for a variable in Python to have no information of the type being stored. If we had code that needed a dictionary but lacked type hints, how can we avoid errors if the variable used is not a […]

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Python: How to Add Key to a Dictionary

Introduction A dictionary in Python is a collection of items that store data as key-value pairs. We can access and manipulate dictionary items based on their key. Dictionaries are mutable and allow us to add new items to them. The quickest way to add a single item to a dictionary is by using referencing a dictionary’s index with a new key and assigning a value. For example, we add a new key-value pair like this: snacks[‘chocolate’] = 5 Python allows […]

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Python: How to Remove a Key from a Dictionary

Introduction In this article, we’ll take a look at how to remove keys from Python dictionaries. This can be done with the pop() function, the del keyword, and with dict comprehensions. Remove a Key Using pop(key,d) The pop(key, d) function removes a key from a dictionary and returns its value. It takes two arguments, the key is removed and the optional value to return if the key isn’t found. Here’s an example of popping an element with only the required […]

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Introduction to Hugging Face’s Transformers v4.3.0 and its First Automatic Speech Recognition Model – Wav2Vec2

Overview Hugging Face has released Transformers v4.3.0 and it introduces the first Automatic Speech Recognition model to the library: Wav2Vec2 Using one hour of labeled data, Wav2Vec2 outperforms the previous state of the art on the 100-hour subset while using 100 times less labeled data Using just ten minutes of labeled data and pre-training on 53k hours of unlabeled data Wav2Vec2 achieves 4.8/8.2 WER Understand Wav2Vec2 implementation using transformers library on audio to text generation   Introduction Transformers has been […]

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Covariance and Correlation in Python

Introduction Working with variables in data analysis always drives the question: How are the variables dependent, linked, and varying against each other? Covariance and Correlation measures aid in establishing this. Covariance brings about the variation across variables. We use covariance to measure how much two variables change with each other. Correlation reveals the relation between the variables. We use correlation to determine how strongly linked two variables are to each other. In this article, we’ll learn how to calculate the […]

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How to Rename Pandas DataFrame Column in Python

Introduction Pandas is a Python library for data analysis and manipulation. Almost all operations in pandas revolve around DataFrames. A Dataframe is is an abstract representation of a two-dimensional table which can contain all sorts of data. They also enable us give all the columns names, which is why oftentimes columns are referred to as attributes or fields when using DataFrames. In this article we’ll see how we can rename an already existing DataFrame‘s columns. There are two options for […]

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Python: Get Size of Dictionary

Introduction In this article, we’ll take a look at how to find the size of a dictionary in Python. Dictionary size can mean its length, or space it occupies in memory. To find the number of elements stored in a dictionary we can use the len() function. To find the size of a dictionary in bytes we can use the getsizeof() function of the sys module. To count the elements of a nested dictionary, we can use a recursive function. […]

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Python: How to Handle Missing Data in Pandas DataFrame

Introduction Pandas is a Python library for data analysis and manipulation. Almost all operations in pandas revolve around DataFrames, an abstract data structure tailor-made for handling a metric ton of data. In the aforementioned metric ton of data, some of it is bound to be missing for various reasons. Resulting in a missing (null/None/Nan) value in our DataFrame. Which is why, in this article, we’ll be discussing how to handle missing data in a Pandas DataFrame. Data Inspection Real-world datasets […]

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How to Format Number as Currency String in Python

Introduction Having to manually format a number as a currency string can be a tedious process. You may have just a few lines of modifications to make, however, when we need to do a fair bit of conversions, it becomes very tedious. The first step to automating these kind of tasks will require a function. In this article, we’ll be going over a few methods you can use to format numbers as currency strings in Python. Methods for Formatting Numbers […]

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