Understanding the Complexity of Metaclasses and their Practical Applications

Metaprogramming is a collection of programming techniques which focus on ability of programs to introspect themselves, understand their own code and modify themselves. Such approach to programming gives programmers a lot of power and flexibility. Without metaprogramming techniques, we probably wouldn’t have modern programming frameworks, or those frameworks would be way less expressive. 

This article is an excerpt from the book, Expert Python Programming, Fourth Edition by Michal Jaworski and Tarek Ziade – A book that expresses many years of professional experience in building all kinds of applications with Python, from small system scripts done in a couple of hours to very large applications written by dozens of developers over